February 7, 2012

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What do Linux Distributions Do?

Peeling back a typical open source application you are likely to find the window managers Gnome or KDE. Even likelier is that it is all running on a Linux operating system. And at the core of it all is the kernel. This is the distinguished Linux kernel, connecting your collection of software to the halls of your hardware. To say a program is Linux based is really just simply saying that it uses the Linux kernel. But what do they actually do?

Formerly known as distributions, what operating systems that use the Linux kernel do is offer a buffet of open source software as opposed to actually cultivating them. Well known systems like Ubuntu and Red Hat Enterprise Linux are perfect examples. The open source programs and distributions work hand in hand.

For a detailed example, think about the above mentioned Gnome window manger. It is the desktop environment of most the popular distributions such as Ubuntu and Red Hat. These distributions are free to manipulate Gnome by including or omitting certain applications to reach its intended purpose. It can be said then that essentially Gnome becomes the operating system since it is the interface.

But, a distribution like Ubunutu will do without the Gnome web browser Epiphany and support Firefox. Instead of supporting the Gnome office suite, it institutes the widely used OpenOffice program. Users are free to choose among a variety of distributions that will house an array of open source software.

It is additionally the distributions purpose to make sure the applications in its repositories operate among each other flawlessly. Because all of the alternating parts are independently developed, they contain differing directions and objectives. The distributions then are tweaked to keep all systems moving smoothly.

These Linux distributions act like the shepherd of open source computing, herding a diverse set of software sheep into one powerful digital herd.

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The Best Linux Distributions Available

The first "real" S.u.S.E Linux 4.2 a...
Image via Wikipedia

As the use of Linux has diverged from generally the realm of computer enthusiasts to the desktops of general users, the advantages of open source software has become more apparent. For one, its free and eliminates the need for software licensing fees. It is also resistant to malware and can be used with a variety of file configurations and media. Lastly, it won’t eat up your hardware space and since a lot of users are actively invested in its use, there are numerous places to find support. But what isn’t apparent to a lot of users–since it is an evolving and growing entity–is all the varying Linux distributions out there that cater to styles, preferences and uses.

Here is a run down of some of the best Linux distributions available:

Ubuntu is considered the most popular option out there. It is easy to both obtain and use. Downloadable online or on CD from Canonical free in the mail, Ubuntu stresses usability and a user-friendly work space. It’s a great option for new users.

As mentioned, the choice of distribution will come down to preference, and some users prefer using KDE instead of Gnome, which Ubuntu is based. KDE’s greatest perk is its aptitude towards customization. However, there is now a fusion of the two in the form of the aptly named, Kubuntu. When in doubt try both styles.

Suse Linux, while not free, is a very advanced and enhanced commercial distribution. It is arguably the best option for those needing sound integration with a Windows environment. Another distribution that adequately meshes the systems of Windows and Linux worth looking into is Xandros. It comes in two versions: one for home and one for business users.

A blessing for Linux desktop users is Mandriva, Europe’s popular distribution. This option is easy to install and configure, plus maintains great hardware support. It also supports a dearth of commercial software. Yet, the chief operator of mainstream software is the Linspire distribution. With the replacement of Windows in mind, it supports major multimedia and applications for Windows with the Linux desktop. Windows fans could fall in love.

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The Advantages of Open Source Software

Logo Open Source Initiative
Image via Wikipedia

Controversy is a certainty – no continental corner is without it; no city street can hide. It is as sure as the exchange of breaths: there will always be questions and there will always be answers that never satisfy. And the Internet is not immune to such concerns. It’s filled to the doubts and hesitation, the battle for permission. And few notions have sparked more indecision than the open source.

Simply defined, this software allows individuals to constantly recreate it. Purposes can be manipulated and given new definitions. They can also then be offered to others, trading codes across the world.

But such distribution has led many to chide the open source. It is considered to be without merit, defying copyrights and refusing the appropriate credit. Many assume it can offer no value and should instead be refused.

The open source provides many distinct advantages, however, and should be praised for its abilities. It is more than free software. It is instead the assurance of ideas.

1. Convenience. No program is without faults nor is any able to appease everyone. Individuals require different specificities to run their careers, their hobbies and their lives. And open source software ensures that those needs can be met. Every code can be altered, allowing for unexpected gains. The intention becomes instead tailored for the user.

2. Progress. The Internet was born to change. It cannot sustain itself with dull software and waning interests. It instead must be infused with constant progress and new ideas. The open source option ensures that this continues. Individuals will find themselves greeted with concepts never before considered. This allows for invention to remain possible.

3. Cost. The purchase of new software is not always possible with budgets. Those without the spare dollars will be unable to buy what they need when they need it. An open source offering is free, however, and requires nothing more than the patience of a download.

While critics may wail against the philosophy of change, those seeking to reinvigorate their computers (and their days) will recognize the open source as a constant advantage.

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Proprietary Software Defined

Adriaan de Groot, Free Software Foundation Europe
Image by Teemu Mäntynen via Flickr

It’s a confusion of copyrights and their meanings, the indecipherable warnings: a software piece baffles, offering only a limited scope of abilities and none of the source code potentials. You try to convert it; you try to access its secrets, wishing to shape them into ideas that better suit your life; but every attempt fails, leaving you with nothing to show but an application that is neither perfect nor malleable. And you… are not certain how this happened. Your support of the Free Software Movement is well known. You have no use for such narrowly focused programs. You want to create, not worry over licenses.

But that worry may be necessary is you have chosen a Proprietary Software.

Defined simply: Proprietary Software is a program that cannot be manipulated by those who purchase it. It is instead the creative and intellectual property of its manufacturer. It cannot therefore be changed or modified in any way without the express permission of that manufacturer; and it must not be redistributed between users. Refusing to follow these rules can lead to severe punishments – including fines or prison.

Proprietary Software is an established form of programming, with the majority of all applications held within it. These applications feature source codes that cannot be distinguished by humans and are instead completely closed; refusing the notion of evolving intents. This has, of course, been a point of contention for those who follow the Free Software Movement and wish to experience constant change.

That change is impossible, however, with these heavily copyrighted materials. There can be no altering. The source code must remain as it was first conceived and must not be marketed as a new idea to others. This is illegal.

It is also a frustration.

Proprietary Software has proven itself to be despised among the masses – with individuals wishing instead to remove the licensing and find new potentials instead. This is not possible, however, and must not be attempted.

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